\chapter{Smaller (or Larger) Notes in Normal-Sized Staves}
Here we describe how to change the size of note symbols without changing the
size of the staff itself. Changing overall staff size will be treated in
Chapter~\ref{staffspacing}.

\section{Arbitrary sequences of notes}
Written-out ornaments and \itxem{cadenzas} are usually typeset with
smaller notes and spacing than normal. The smaller \ital{size} can be
initiated anywhere inside a \verb|\notes| group by stating
\keyindex{smallnotesize} or \keyindex{tinynotesize}. Normal note size is then
restored by \keyindex{normalnotesize} or simply by terminating the
\verb|notes| group and starting another. Smaller \ital{spacing} must also be
explicitly indicated, usually by redefining \verb|\noteskip| in some way.

As an example, this excerpt, from the beginning
of the Aria of the ``Creation'' by Joseph {\sc Haydn})\index{Haydn, J.@{\sc
Haydn, J.}},

\begin{music}
\instrumentnumber{2}
\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}
\def\qbl#1#2#3{\ibl{#1}{#2}{#3}\qb{#1}{#2}}
\setstaffs2{2}
\setclef1\bass
\setclef2\bass
\startbarno0
\startextract
\NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en
% mesure 1
\bar
\Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en
\notes&\qbl0c0|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize
  \Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\hqsk\en
\Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en
\Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en
% mesure 2
\bar
\Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0%
  \zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en
\notes&|\sk\ccu h\en
\Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g%
  \zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en
\notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en
\endextract
\end{music}
\noindent can be coded as
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\instrumentnumber{2}
\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}
\setstaffs2{2}
\setclef2{\bass}
\setclef1{\bass}
\startbarno=0
\startextract
\NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bf II}\qp|\qu g\en
% mesure 1
\bar
\Notes\itieu2J\wh J&\zw N\ibl0c0\qb0e|\qu j\en
\notes&\ibl0c0\qb0c|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize
  \Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\en
\Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\qu j\en
\Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\ql l\sk\ql j\en
% mesure 2
\bar\Notes\ttie2\wh J&\ql J\sk\ql L|\zqupp g\qbl1e0%
  \zq c\qb1e\zq c\qb1e\zq c\tbl1\zqb1e\en
\notes&|\sk\ccu h\en
\Notes&\ql N\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zq c\zqb1e\cu g%
  \zq c\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqu g\qb1g\en
\notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zq c\qb1e\en
\endextract
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
Similarly, you may use 
\keyindex{largenotesize} or \keyindex{Largenotesize} to get \emph{larger} notes.

To support {\it appoggiaturas} and grace notes (discussed in Section~\ref{gracenotes}) in a tiny-notesize staff,
the command \keyindex{verytinynotesize} may be used; for example,
\begin{music}
\instrumentnumber2
\setstaffs12
\setstaffs21
\setsize2\tinyvalue
\setclef1{\bass\treble}
\setclef2\treble

\startextract
\notes|\tinynotesize\cu f&\verytinynotesize\cu h\en
\NOtes\qa{J}|\qa{e}&\qa{g}\en
\endextract
\end{music}
\noindent can be coded as
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\instrumentnumber2
\setstaffs12
\setstaffs21
\setsize2\tinyvalue
\setclef1{\bass\treble}
\setclef2\treble
\startextract
\notes|\tinynotesize\cu f&\verytinynotesize\cu k\en
\NOtes\qa{J}|\qa{e}&\qa{g}\en
\endextract
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}


 \section{Grace notes}\label{gracenotes}
Grace notes are a special case of small and tiny notes, namely single-stemmed
eighth notes with a diagonal slash through the flag. To enable this, there
are the macros \keyindex{grcu}\pitchp\ and \keyindex{grcl}\pitchp, which by
themselves would
produce normal-sized eighth notes with a slash. They should be used along
with the note size reduction macros and spacing reduction macros just
discussed. In addition, chordal grace notes can be built as in the following
example:

\begin{music}\nostartrule
\startextract
\NOTes\hu h\en
\notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en
\NOTes\hu i\en
\bar
\notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en
\NOTEs\wh i\en
\zendextract
\end{music}
\noindent which was coded as
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\startextract
\NOTes\hu h\en
\notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcu j\en
\NOTes\hu i\en
\bar
\notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zq h\grcl j\en
\NOTEs\wh i\en
\zendextract
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}

 \section[Ossia]{Ossia\texorpdfstring{\protect\footnote{Italian \textit{o sia} (or else)}}{}}
This clever example had been provided by Olivier Vogel:\label{ossia}\index{ossia}

%\begin{center}
%\includegraphics[scale=1]{./mxdexamples/ossiavogel.eps}
%\end{center}

\begin{music}
%\startextract
%\hsize70mm
\let\extractline\hbox
\hbox to \hsize{\hss
\def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}%
\off{-#1\elemskip}}%
\newbox\ornamentbox
\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm%
\makeatletter
\nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty\global\clef@skip0pt%
\makeatother
%\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty%
%\startpiece
%\addspace{2pt}%
\startextract
\addspace{-2pt}%
\let\notest\notes\def\notes{\vnotes2.1\elemskip}%
\notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en%
\notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en%
\notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en%
\notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en
\let\notes\notest%
%\zstoppiece%
\endextract
}\hss}
%\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{Hello}
%
%
%\normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers
%\def\nbinstruments{1}%
\setstaffs12\setclef1{60}%
\generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}%
%\parindent 0pt%
%\stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax
%\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip%
\startextract\addspace\afterruleskip%
\NOtes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|%
\ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en%
\NOtes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F%
\qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk%
\cl d\en%
%\endpiece
\endextract
\hss}
%\vfill\eject\endmuflex
\end{music}


The code is:
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\hsize70mm%
\def\xnum#1#2#3{\off{#1\elemskip}\zcharnote{#2}{\smalltype\it #3}%
\off{-#1\elemskip}}%
\newbox\ornamentbox
\setbox\ornamentbox=\hbox to 0pt{\kern-4pt\vbox{\hsize=2.6cm%
\nostartrule\smallmusicsize\setsize1{\smallvalue}\setclefsymbol1\empty%
\startpiece\addspace{2pt}%
\notes\ibbbl2{'c}0\qb2b\qb2c\qb2d\tbbbl2\qb2c\en%
\notes\xnum{1.15}{'e}3\qb2d\qb2c\tbl2\qb2d\en%
\notes\ibl2{'c}1\usf e\qb2c\en%
\notes\tbl2\qb2{'d}\en%
\zstoppiece%
}\hss}
\normalmusicsize\nopagenumbers
\def\nbinstruments{1}%
\setstaffs12\setclef1{60}%
\generalsignature{-2}\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}%
\parindent 0pt%
\stafftopmarg0pt\staffbotmarg5\Interligne\interstaff{10}\relax
\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip%
\notes\ibl1{'G}{-1}\qb1G\sk\bigna F\tbl1\qb1F|%
\ibbl2{'b}0\qb2b\qb2a\qb2b\tbl2\qb2c\en%
\notes\hl{'E}\bsk\raise6\internote\ds\ibu3{G}1\bigsh F%
\qb3F\qb3G\tbu3\qb3{'A}|\zcharnote{10}{\copy\ornamentbox}\qlp{'c}\sk\sk%
\cl d\en%
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
